The article investigates practical application of modern technologies for the use of crop residues as organic fertilizers and mulch. The mechanisms of conversion of straw into organic fertilizer are identified. Methods of mulching in tillage are described. The main types of mulching machines and technologies are analyzed. Emphasis is made on mulching as one of the systemforming factors in no-till and strip-till technologies. Tools of mechanical impact on crop residues are various combines equipped with shredders and special trailed shredders. Effectiveness of striptill technology in the cultivation of potatoes, the use of which has provided optimal conditions of water regime and nutrition due to the reduction of the soil surface temperature that guarantees higher yields, is confirmed.